RESUMO
Background: Acute myocardial infarction is the myocardial necrosis caused by acute and persistent ischemia and hypoxia of coronary arteries. It can be complicated with arrhythmia, shock or heart failure, and often can endanger life. The disease is most common in Europe and the United States, where about 1.5 million heart attacks occur each year. China has shown a clear upward trend in recent years, with at least 500 000 new cases and at least 2 million new cases every year. Cardiac rehabilitation nursing is a kind of comprehensive nursing that aims to restore the body function of patients with myocardial infarction. Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of cardiac rehabilitation nursing in patients with myocardial infarction. Design: This was a case-control retrospective study. Setting: This study was conducted in the Department of Heart Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital. Participants: 86 patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to the Heart Center of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital from January 2019 to August 2022 were selected and randomly divided into observation and control groups, with 43 cases in each group. Patients aged from 40-79 years old and were confirmed to have acute myocardial infarction by examination and histopathological analysis. Interventions: The observation group was given cardiac rehabilitation nursing, including psychological nursing, rehabilitation training, cardiac rehabilitation training, diet and defecation care and health education, and the control group was assigned routine nursing. Primary Outcome measures: (1) anxiety and depression were assessed by Zung's self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale (2) cardiac function was assessed by left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (3) 6-minute walk distance (4) incidence of complications (5) length of hospital stay (6) levels of inflammatory factors and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide concentration (7) incidence of arrhythmia. Results: After the intervention, there was still no significance in either group's left ventricular end-diastolic volume level [(72.24±8.47) vs (71.98±8.35)] (P = .473). However, the anxiety and depression scores [(42.10±5.17) and (44.01±4.53) vs (44.01±4.53) and (51.37±4.85)], complication rate (6.9% vs 16.2%), length of hospital stay [(18.66±7.03) vs (26.11±8.14)], inflammatory factor levels [(1.95±0.51) and (319.47±33.72) vs (2.71±0.45) and (451.07±39.54)], serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide level [(2525.8±1236.5) vs (3064.4±859.0)], and incidence of arrhythmia (3 cases, 2 cases, 1 case and 1 case vs 5 cases, 6 cases, 8 cases and 7 vases) in the observation group were lower compared to the control group (P = .000, P = .002, P=0.023, P = .045, P = .032, P = .011, and P = .027). The left ventricular ejection fraction level and 6-minute walk distance of the observation group [(60.39±5.38) and (347.31±21.01) vs (54.97±6.24) and (320.24±21.71)] were better relative to the control group (P = .037 and P = .000). Conclusion: For patients with myocardial infarction, the implementation of cardiac rehabilitation nursing can effectively alleviate the anxiety and depression of patients, decrease the incidence of complications as well as inflammatory factors levels, and further shorten the hospital stay of patients, with high safety. Our study provides a clinical reference for patients with myocardial infarction w who need nursing care.
